Oil-burning apparatus



Sept 22, 1925 \N. H. BER/"5 OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed April 2, 1925atomized oil.

Patented Sept. 22, T25.

innate WALTER H. IBEMIS, 0F MARLBOBO, MASSACHUSETTS.

@IL-BUBNING APPARATUS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that ii, WALTER H. BEMIs, citizen of the United States,residing at Marlboro, in the county of Middlesex and State ofMassachusetts, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Oil-BurningApparatus, of which the following is a specification.

.One object of this invention is to provide an oil burner adapted to beconveniently installed in operative relation to an opening in a fire boxand to project into the fire box, a jet composed of a mixture of air andatomized oil, the oil being raised from a body maintained at a constantlevel and atomized when raised by a jet of compressed air.

Another object is to enable the force of the jet and the relativequantities of air and oil comprising the same to be regulated by anoperator at a location remote from the burner to increase or diminishthe heat.

Another object is to provide improved means whereby when the supply ofgas to a pilot burner arranged to ignite the jet ceases, the operationof the burner is automatically discontinued. v

I attain the above mentioned and other .related objects by theimprovements hereinafter described and claimed.

- Of the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification,

Figure 1 shows in side elevation an oil burning apparatus embodying theinvention, a portion of the fire box with which the apparatus isassociated, being shown in section.

lfigure 2 is a longitudinal section showing the structure which includesthe air nozzle, the mixing nozzle and the regulatin valve, and theleveling oil tank hereina ter de scribed.

Figure 3 is an enlargement of a portion of Figure 1, parts being shownin section.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all of thefigures.

in "the drawings, 12 designates a mixing nozzle for the emission of ajet of airand Said nozzle has at one end an oil-receiving chamber 13communicating with the bore 14 of the nozzle. The chamber 13 surroundsan air nozzle or nip le 15, the bore of which is in alignment wit thebore of the mixing nozzle, the discharge end of the air nozzle beingspaced from the bore 14 by a narrow annular throat 16 through which oilpasses in a thin annular stream into the path of a jet of air from theair nozzle, so that the oil is atomized by and mixed with the air. Anupright oil-conducting pipe 17 has a discharge end communt eating withthe chamber 13 at the upper portion of the latter as shown by Figure 2,the major portion of the oil pipe being below the discharge end. A. bodyof oil is maintained at a constant level as hereinafter described, inthe lower portion of the oil pipe 17, the normal level of the oil,indicated by the dotted line 18 (Figure 2), being below and in closeproximity to the discharge end of the oil pipe or thepoint where the oilpipe enters the chamber 13, so that oil cannot flow by gravity into thechamber and is raised above the level 18 and caused to enter the chamberby a jet of compressed air emitted by the air nozzle 15. Owing to theclose proximity of the oil level 18 to the discharge end of the oilpipe, oil is quickly drawn into the oil chamber 13 when air is emittedfrom the nozzle 15. The mixing nozzle is preferably screwed upon thebase of the air nozzle as shown by Figure 2'.

The air nozzle is formed on or fixed to a block or body 19 containing anair chamber 20 communicating with the bore 21 of the air nozzle. Thestructure above described constitutes a burner which'is supported inoperative relation to the fire doorway or other opening in a heaterhaving a fire box 23 as shown by Fi ure 1. Compressed air from thesource o supply hereinafter described, enters the air chamber 20through.

an air pipe 22, and passing through the air nozzle 15 induces a flow ofoil into the oil chamber 13 through the upper portion of the oil pipe17, the oil being atomized and r the mixture of oil and air projectedfrom the mixing nozzle 'into the fire box 23. The mixing nozzle ispreferably inclined as shown, so that the jet is directed inward anddownward upon a bed 24 of any suitable material such as ashes orasbestos wool. If de* sired, however, the mixing nozzle may be otherwisearranged. I

A pilot burner 25 is located-tin position to ignite the mixture withinthe fire box and is supplied with gas as hereinafter described. Toregulate the heat of the flame, I provide an air duct or by-pass 26 inthe block 19 and mixing nozzle 12 below the bore 14, said duct having atapered valve w 27 comtit) atomizing force, so that a maximum 34 with amanually movable regulating'member or slide 35 located at a point remotefrom the burner, whereby the chain may be pulled in the directionrequired to open the valve 28,

the sprino' 32 tendlng to close the valve when the member 35 is moved inthe .opposlte direction. Any suitable means. may be provided for vmaintaining the member 35 against the force of the spring in any POSI-tion to which said member is movable by the operator. A graduated scale36 may be provided to indicatedifferent operative positions of themember 35. I

When the needle valve 28 is closed, compressed air passes only throughthe air nozzle 15 and exerts a maximum oil lifting and degree of heat isdeveloped. When the needlt valve is opened, a part of the air escapesthrough the by-pass 26, so that the lifting and atomizing force of theair in the air nozzle is reduced and the heat is decreased to anfalluselessly from the discharge end of the bore 14, when the force of theair passing therethrough is reduced as described, this oil beingsuitably'subdivided for ignition and pro ected into the jet emitted bythe bore 14. To maintain oil at the desired level in the oil pipe 17, Iprovide a leveling oil tank 38 supported by a standard 3.9 andcommunicating with the oil pipe 17 through an oil-conducting arm 40projecting from the lower portion of the tank, although if desired, thepipe 17 may be connected directly with the tank. The arm 40 ispreferred, because it is of larger diameter than't-he pipe 17 and hassufficient strength to adequately support the latter and the structureformed by the mixing nozzle and the block 19. A body of oil ismaintained in'the tank 38 at the same level as that-in the ipe 17 by anoil pump 41 preferably of t e well known centrifugal type connected by apipe 42 with a storage tank 43. A flow pipe 44 connects the discharge ofthe pumpwith the lower portion of the tank 38. A return pipe 45 connectsthe upper portion of the tan 38 with the storage tank.

The air pipe 22 is connected with the discharge of an air pump or blower46 ada ted to force air at an oil-atomizing and pro ectmg pressure tothe air chamber 20. The oil and air pumps are preferably operated in 48of which is connected with rotors constituting elements of said pumps.-

The'pilot burner 25 is supplied with gas by a pipe.50 which communicateswith avariable gas chamber formed in part by a rigid portion 51 and inpart by a flexible diaphragm 52. Gas is supplied to the chamber by apipe 53 communicating with a source of supply. When the gas is atnormalpressure, the diaphr gm v52 is bulged upward as shown by fulllines in Figure In case the gas supply fails, the diaphragm falls asshown by dotted lines.

Fulcrumed at 54 on a fixed support 55 is a detent-lever composed of arelatively long arm 56 hearing on the diaphragm and provided with aweight 57, and a shorter arm or detent 5,8. The support 55 is preferablya part of a fixed bracket 59. Said bracket is provided with guides 60 inwhich a switch-operating rod 61 is vertically movable. Downwardpressureis exerted on this rod by a spring 62. When the diaphragm israised, the detent arm 58 is held thereby in position to engage a triparm 63 pivoted at 64 to the bracket and provided with a slot 65receiving a stud 66 on the rod 61. The trip arm is therefore releasablysupported by the detent arm 58 in position to confine the rod 61 in araised position against the pressure of the, spring 62.

The electric circuit in which the motor 47 is included comprisesconducting wires 163, 164, 165 and 166, as shown diagrammatt cally byFigure l. A'manually operable switch 67 located at any suitable pointremote from the burner and preferably near the needle valve openingmember 35, is adapted to close and break the circuit, and thus'start orstop theoperation of the burner. Between the circuit wires 165 and 166,is an automatic switch which in this instance includes a swinging arm 68pivoted at 69, and springcontacts 70.

stop cook 25 near the pilot burner 25 is' opened and the gas is ignited.The circuit then is closed by the manually operated switch 67, the motorbeing thus started.

-The resulting operation of the blower and the oil pump causes theemission of a jet composed of a mixture of air and oil from Whe r thetrip arm 63 is engaged with the detentarm.

- messes quantity of oil. When the heat is to be reduced, the regulatingmember 35 is moved tODPBIl the needle valve, thus reducing the force ofair from. the air nozzle and the quantity of oil raised and atomizedthereby, the air flowing through the by-pass 26 atomizing any oil thatmay drop from the discharge end of the bore of: the mixing nozzle.

If the gas supply fails and the pilot light is extinguished, thediaphragm falls and the motor circuit is broken by the automatic switch,so that the motor stops and cannot be started by a manipulation of thestarting switch until the gas Supply is renewed,

I claim: Y

1. Oil-burning apparatus comprising a burner adapted to be supported inoperative relation to an openlng in a fire box, said burner including anair nozzle, an oil chamber surrounding the air nozzle, and a mixingnozzle having a bore of smaller diameter than the oil chamber, alinedwith the air nozzle and communicating with the oil chamber, thedischarge and of the air nozzle projecting into the bore of the mixingnozzle and being separated from said bore by a narrowannular throat,through which oil passes into the path of a jet from the air nozzle in athin annular stream surrounding said jet, the'burner being inclined tocause oi entering the oil chamber to gravitate toand fill said throat,so thatla jet of air from. the nozzle is entirely' surrounded by oilfrom the throat,

. an oil pipe having a discharge end communicating with the oil chamber,means for maintaining a body of oil in the oil pipe,

below the discharge end thereof, and means for supplying air underpressure to the air nozzle to raise oil to the oil chamber and atomizethe oil and form therewith a mixture which is projected into the firebox. 2. Oil-burning apparatus comprising a burner adapted to besupported m opera-,

tive relation to an opening in a fire box",

"said burner including an air chamber, an

air nozzle communicating with the air chamber air nozzle, a mixin nozzlehaving a bore aligned with the air nozzle and communi- When the nee 1evalve 28 is' in its an oil chamber surrounding theoil in the oil pipebelow the discharge end thereof, means for supplying air under pre sureto the air chamber to raise oil to the oil chamber andatomize the oil,and form therewith a mixture which is projected in to the fire box, andneedle-valve-adjusting means permitting the closing and '9, Variableopening of the valve, the opening of the needle valve reducing airpressure in the air nozzle and the quantity of oil raised and atomizedthereby.

3. Oil-burning apparatus as specified by claim= 2, the by-pass beinglocated below the bore of the mixing nozzle, so that air emitted by theby-pass atomizes oil dropping from the bore of said nozzle.

4'. Oil-burning apparatus comprising a burner adapted to be supported inoperative relation to an opening in a fire box, said burner including anair chamber, an air nozzle communicating with the air chamber, an. oilchamber surrounding the air nozzle, a mlxing nozzle having a borealignedwith the a1r nozzle and communicating with the oil chamber, aby-pass extending from the a1r chamber through the mixing nozzle andprovided with a valve seat, a needle valve movable in guides in thestructure and nor mally closed on said seat; an oil pipe hav mg adischarge end communicating with'the oil chamber; means for maintaininga body of oil in the oil pipe below the discharge end thereof; means forsupplying air under pressure to the air chamber to raise oil to theneedle valve, the arrangement being such that when the needle valve isopened, air pressure in the air nozzle and the quantity of oil raisedand atomized thereby are re-- ducedn In testimony whereof I have affixedmy signature.

WALTER H. BEMIS.

